Borrows Google Packet Speeding Tech of New Linux kernel

Harnessing a pair of protocols developed by Google, the newly released version of Linux kernel should be able to speed network traffic throughput considerably.

The technique is one of a number of new features that come with the latest update of the open source operating system kernel, Linux version 2.6.35, which Linus Torvalds released on Sunday.

In addition the usual round of bug fixes and optimizations, the new version has a number of new features to make it more usable in today's bustling multicore, networked environments.

Chief among these new features is the inclusion of Google's Receive Packet Steering (RPS) and Receive Flow Steering (RFS). RPS spreads incoming packets out across all of the CPUs available on the machine, and RFS calculates which cores would be best suited for processing, given factors such as which applications will be using the network traffic, according to an explanation offered by the Kernel Newbies Web site.

The site cited a benchmark test showing how an eight-core Intel CPU-based server, with an Intel e1000e network adapter, doubled the number of networking-based transactions-per-second (tps) it could execute with RPS and RFS in place, from 104,000 tps (at about 30 percent CPU usage), to 303,000 tps (and 61 percent CPU usage).

The feature is a timely one, given the recent advances in network traffic protocols that allow for greater throughput. Ethernet vendors, for instance, are in the process of upgrading to the new standards for 40 Gigabit and 100 Gigabit Ethernet. "Network cards have improved the bandwidth to the point where it's hard for a single modern CPU to keep up," explained Kernel Newbies.

Other new features include a new form of memory compression, a front-end for a debugger supplied by SGI, the ability to manage multiple multicast route tables, and a new mode of the XFS file system that bundles logging tasks in order to cut down input/output traffic.

This new version of the Linux kernel comes less than the months after the release of the previous iteration, 2.6.34.

Via: [networkworld]

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The development and evolution of software

The development and evolution of the software are:
1. Pioneer era (1950-1960)
Form of software initially in the form of a connection between the inner cables into the computer. The use of computers is done directly and the results of completed computer printout. The process is done in the form of computer instructions in a sequence row in the process, among others:
a. Batch process
b. Limited distribution
c. Special manufacture

2. Stable era (1960-1980)
Computers are widely used and only affordable by the industry and the companies that had impact on software development. Multitasking and multi-user capabilities are also known as database system. Process conducted by the software on this era, among others:
a. Multitasking & Multi
b. Real time (work quickly)
c. Database program

3. Micro Era (1980-1990)
The software in this era has been developed to meet individual needs. The price of software is also readily accessible by individuals. The software can be divided into system software responsible for handling internal and application software that is used directly by users for specific purposes. Existing automation in software leads to a kind of artificial intelligence. Therefore, in this era of software development processes have the following:
a. The system began to spread to some societies.
b. Experienced intelligence software that makes users.
c. The price of each software start affordable by individuals.

4. Modern Era (2000-present)
The rise of the modern era is the era of software with a more familiar interface with the users and has spread to all the equipment that is often used in society, not only are there on a computer. Mobile alone has been equipped with software that can synchronize with PC. Even equipment such as telephones, TVs, up to washing machines, air conditioners, and microwave, has been implanted to regulate the operation of software that equipment. More sophisticated again, any such equipment has been able to connect using the software. Making software is no longer the work of a few, but many people into jobs, with multiple-stage process involving the various disciplines in its design. Level of intelligence shown by its software devices is increasing. In addition to technical problems, the software is now beginning to recognize the voice, image and video. Intelligence software in this era to make the process of their development has expanded into:
a. Media intermediary for PC networks.
b. Media liaisons between different electronic devices.
c. Graphical User Interface (GUI) that increasingly make user in use.
d. Media assistant in completing work tasks users.

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